Yulia Pharaphonova
Form 10 УcФ
Secondary school #7
Teacher:
The Museum of the Don
CossacksТ History
I live in Novocherkassk. It is a unique town owing to
its history and architecture. It was built as the capital of the Don Cossacks
in 1805 by the General Platov.
Nowadays a lot of tourists come to Novocherkassk to
see its sights-mainly the Cathedral and the Museum of the Don CossacksТ
History.
IТd like to tell about this museum. It is one of the
first museums in the south of Russia. The history of its creating is worth
mentioning. Before the opening of the museum the members of the Don History
lovers societyФ have done great organizing and collecting work. In 1894
academician Yashchenko designed the building of the future museum and on
November, 22 1899 the Donskoy museum was opened. First, there were three
sections: prehistoric, historic and of natural history, besides there was a
library and historical archives, in
Made by Popko Ann.
Form 11 B
Teacher: L.A. Filimonenko
The History of
Novocherkassk.
аааа Novocherkassk
was founded in 1805 by General Platov. The author of a regular town
plant-building was the military engineer Frantz Devolan. He was a Dutchman but
he served Russia and took part in Russian-Turkish War 1787-1791.
аааа The heart
of the town is Ermak Square. There are many monuments in it: the monument to
Ermak a conquer of Siberia, the monument to the war of 1812, the monument of
Consent and Reconciliation and of course the Cafedral Cathedral, the monument
to Platov.
аааа The Museum
of Don Cossacks is one of largest and richest in our region. Clothes, tools,
arms of our ancestors are exhibited in it. Mobile exhibitions take place on the
first floor of the Museum. There are some other museums in Novocherkassk
GrekovТs Museum, KrylovТs Museum and KalmykovТs Museum.
аааа Two
Triumphal Arches symbolize the victory of Russian armaments in the Patriotic
War of 1812.
аааа Many
interesting people visited Novocherkassk such as Pushkin, Lermontov, Griboedov,
Musin-Pushkin, Pushchin and Bestuzhev.
аааа My favorite
places to visit are Alexandrovsky Park and a square near the Cosmos cinema.
There are many teens and friends in Alexandrovsky park and I can go to
McDonaldТs if IТm hungry. The atmosphere in the park is merry. I can see and
meet a lot of young people.
аааа The Cosmos cinema is the centre of my
area.а There areа beautiful fountains, flowers and fir trees
attracting not only young people to the place but also adults and younger
children.
аааа I will
leave school soon and IТm going to enter Meliorative Academy, get higher
education and have a good job.ааааа
аааа Now
Novocherkassk looks attractive and modern. There are a lot of places for
entertainment. They are Alexandrovsky and ChildrenТs parks, Platov Square,
youth clubs such as the Capital and Christall, cinemas, a theatre, McDonaldТs,
Aqua park, etc.
Made by Kate Vologina, Olga Leonova
Form 11 B
Teacher: L.A. Filimonenko
Note
by the Procurator-General of the
N.Trubinа on Events in Novocherkassk, June 1962
I want
to tell about the events of
On the
eve of the events, central radio and the press announced that from 1 June 1962
retail prices for meat and dairy products would increase. This coincided with
measures taken by the management of the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive
Factory named after Budenny to reduce piece rates paid to its workers. All this
served to bring about the spontaneous strike on 1 June 1962 of the factory's
workers, who poured out into a meeting, many thousands strong....
In the morning of
2 June... a crowd of people, many thousands strong, including women and
children, marched in a column on Novocherkassk. They intended to express their
demands and to free the people held at the local militia station, who had been
arrested the day before in the neighbourhood of the locomotive factory. Pliev
had ordered that the progress of this column be halted. In the morning of 2
June the commander of the tank division of the Novocherkassk garrison, Colonel
Mikheev, had concentrated a force under his command on the bridge over the
river Tuzlov. It had 9 or 10 tanks and several armed personnel carriers. When
the people arrived at the bridge they ignored the demands of the military
commanders to halt, and they continued further into the town...
In the morning of
2 June comrades Kirilenko, Kozlov, Mikoyan, Il'ichev, Polyansky, Shelepin and
responsible staff of the central organs of the country arrived at the building
of the City Party Committee and City Executive Committee... F R Kozlov informed
N S Khrushchev about the situation and requested, through the Minister of
Defence of the USSR, that the commander of troops I A Pliev be instructed to
use troops to break up any possible pogroms in the city. On 2 June internal
troops were brought from Rostov-on-Don and all were given weapons and
ammunition, and by 10 o'clock all divisions of these troops were in a state of
battle-readiness... The many thousand-strong crowd was now within 60 to 100
metres from the City Executive Committee building...
The Chairman of
the City Executive Committee, comrade Zamula, and CPSU CC department head
comrade Stepakov... attempted to address the crowd from the balcony using a
microphone, calling on them to stop their march and disperse back to their
places of work. Zamula, Stepakov and other persons on the balcony were met with
a hail of sticks and stones in response. At the same time threats were shouted
by the crowd. The most aggressive group broke into the building and started a
pogrom. Windows and doors were broken, furniture and the telephone switchboard
were broken, and chandeliers and paintings were thrown to the ground.
Major-General
Oleshko, the commander of the Novocherkassk garrison arrived at the City
Executive Committee building with fifty soldiers from the internal forces,
armed with machine guns. These pushed the people back from the building, spread
out along its façade and faced them two ranks deep. Oleshko addressed
the crowds from the balcony, ordering them to cease their pogrom and
disperse... The crowd did not react, there was shouting and threats of
reprisals, the whole square was engulfed in noise... The troops fired a warning
volley from into the air from their machine-guns. This caused the people who
were right up against the soldiers making a noise to drop back... Shouts were
heard from the crowd: "Don't panic, they're firing blanks", at which
people again surged towards the City Executive Committee building and the
soldiers spread out along its façade. There followed a second warning
volley, and then individual shots into the crowd, which left 10 - 15 people
lying in the square. After these shots panic broke out, people began to run
away, and a crush began...
At the same
time... an aggressively-minded crowd had also gathered at the city headquarters
of the militia and the KGB. It pushed away the internal troops of the 505th
Regiment, and actively tried to break into the militia station through broken
windows with the aim of releasing the citizens who were held there. Shouts were
heard from the crowd to seize weapons... One of the rioters managed to grab a
machine gun from Private Repkin, and he tried to open fire on the soldiers with
this weapon. Serviceman Azizov was faster than this rioter, and fired several
shots, killing him. Four other people among the rioters were also killed at the
same time, and others received injuries. More than thirty rioters, who had
broken into the corridors and the yard of the militia station, were detained
and locked in the cells. Soldiers and officers of the internal forces drove
rioters out of the State Bank building, which they had managed to break into
for a short period...
Using their
weapons in self-defence, on 2 June the troops of the internal forces killed 22
and wounded 39 participants in the disorders in the square and at the militia
station. Two more people were killed in the evening of 2 June in unexplained
circumstances...
These bloody events happened 44 years ago. They were
cruel andа terrible. The citizens of
Novocherkasskа will always remember the
victims of 1962.
Made by Bulatkina Lyudmila
Form 11 B
Teacher: L.A. Filimonenko
The founder of
About
190 years ago, in 1805, my native town Novocherkassk was foundedа on the rivers Aksai and Tuzlov
Matvey
Ivanovich Platov was born on the 8th of August in
Soon
the hostile forces were defeated and the Don Cossacks had played a great role in
it. For his merits in the Patriotic War, Platov obtained the high title of a
count. In 1814 Platov, in a staff of a suite of Alexander the I, went to
England. There he received a degree of honorary science doctor of the Oxford
University. It was his last journey. In half a year he returned home and soon
fell ill. On the 3rd of January in 1818 he died.
In
honour of Matvey Ivanovich Platov, his great merits, in 1853 the monument in
Novocherkassk was erected.
In the
period of 1923-1933 the monument was destroyed. But in 1993 it was
reconstructed.
And
these days the visitors of our town can see the Platov monument in the very
centre. The square and the street are called after his name.
Made byа
Drozhzhina Elena
Form 10 ╤.
Secondary school # 7
Teacher:а Golotsvan L. I.
ааааа
My Town.
I have lived in
Novocherkassk since my childhood. I love my native town and I would like to
tell you about the foundation of Novocherkassk and its life today.
Novocherkassk was
founded on May 18, 1805, by the celebrated Don-land Ataman Matvey Ivanovich
Platov; the place was chosen close to Cherkassk, the former principal town of
the Cherkassks. But unlike the old town, New Cherkassk was erected in strict
conformity with the regular layout elaborated by the prominent engineer
Lieutenant-General F.P. Devolan who had thoroughly studied the best city
building traditions and experience of St.Petersburg, Warsaw and other European
centers. That is why one can hear Novocherkassk characterized even today as an
Сa la PetersburgТ city or named Сa small ParisТ
The high landscape
of the hill is from its three sides washed by the small rivers of Tuzlov and
Aksai. Taking advantage of the above feature, F. Devolan wonderfully located
the new city layout witch was based on the classical radial principle. Straight
broad avenues, boulevards and streets are tied together by squares in which
later on churches were constructed. The total number of churches before the
Revolution made 14. Today 8 of them have survived, and they all perform now
their primordial functions. After those long years of oblivion they have
re-gained their once lost role in the architectural and spiritual image of the
city.
Dominating in the
city panorama is Voznesenski (Ascension) Army Cathedral the erection of which
lasted for one hundred years, from 1805 to 1905. Designed in accord with the
so- called Сnew-Byzantine styleТ by Academician A.A. Yashchenko, it in its size
(74.6 m high) took the third place in Russia after St.Isaac Cathedral ofа Petersburg and the non-existent Christ the
Saviour Cathedral of Moscow. The Novocherkassk Cathedral used to be the
principal church for all Don-Land Cossacks. Its basement contained a vault
where prominent military and religious personalities were buried. Its gallery
also has rooms with wall pictures showing the most important episodes of the
Don-land history. The bell-tower resembling those of other European town
councilsТ was decorated with a tower clock manufactured by the Altschwage
Company. The square itself, stone- paved, in accordance with both the layout
and this placeТs destination, was the center, or the СmaydanТ of the city where
the greatest events and holidays were celebrated
The historical
line of the church pictures is added by Sobornaya Square with the bronze
monument to Yermak Timofeyevich (erected in 1904), the first outstanding
Don-land chieftain, and another monument to the hero of the Caucasian War
General Ya.P. Baklanov (erected in 1911)
аThe original image of Novocherkassk is
comprised not only of high, massive buildings of public significance, but also
of average houses standing along the streets, private mansions of Art Nouveau
style; this image is created by the diversity and beauty of plaster decorations
coupled with wood and metalware.
In Novocherkassk
there is also a unique Museum of the History of Don-land Cossacks where rare
materials associated with the CossacksТ history are gathered, including army
banners, collections of cold steel granted and awarded, Don-land religious
pictures, and chinaware.
Novocherkassk is
being revived. Revived are the Cossacks, their traditions, their monuments.
Favorite
location, moderate continental climate, original СflavourТ of the city together
with its historical sites, peculiarity of steppe nature attract; many tourists
here. The closeness of large southern cities with which Novocherkassk is linked
by railways and highways, the geographical proximity of the Don River and the
Azov Sea promise both interesting and pleasant trip to these places, especially
if it is made during summer holidays. Only 35 km separate Novocherkassk from
the regional centre Rostov-on-Don; 90 km far lies the port of Taganrog, and
between them old Azov and ancient Tanais are situated. If you add to the above
the Don fish and Don-land vegetables, fruit and grapes which are here in
plenty, you may feel sure that your stay in Novocherkassk will remain in memory
for very, very long.
Made byа
Yakovleva Kate
Form 10 ╤.
Secondary school # 7
Teacher:а L.A. Filimonenko
аThe City of CossacksТGlory.
аNovocherkassk is among the largest south
Russian cities having its own glorious history and specific look: its planning,
architecture, unique sites. It was founded in 1805 as the capital city of the
Oblast Voiska Donskogo (Don-land Army Area). For more than one hundred years it
was a place of residence of the land elite: Army atamans and authorities,
officers and officials; besides, it was an enlightened and cultural centre.
During the Soviet period, Novocherkassk was developing as a big industrial city
within the Rostov Region, a city of education and science.
аааа The founder
of the new capital of Don-land Cossacks, a celebrated ataman, a hero of the
Patriotic War of 1812 Count M.I.Platov, got F.P.Devolan to take part in the
development of the layout. The regular classical planning is based on three
main avenues combined by large squares with radial streets running from them.
The single city plan permitted to avoid any chaotic spontaneous building up and
reach an expressive ensemble concept. The originality of Novocherkassk
architectural image is achieved through a combination of classic-style
buildings and typical Cossack houses, as well as the eclecticism with a great
variety of forms and a free choice of decorative motives in façade
styling.
а In its foundation
the Cathedral has a burial-vault where outstanding military men and religious
figures of the Don Land were buried, while at the gallery there are spacious
rooms with on the walls showing the most significant episodes of the Don-land
history.а
аCathedral
Square is a place where the most important events and feasts are celebrated. It
has a bronze monument to Yermak, the Don-land ataman who conquered Siberia
(sculptor V.A.Beklemishev), and a monument to a Caucasian War hero General
Ya.P.Baklanov (architect N.V.Nabokov).
аааа In the year
1853 the civic centre was decorated with a monument to city founder Platov
created by well-known Russian sculptors academic A.A. Ivanov, N.A.Tokarev, and
P.K.Klodt. The central area is notable for many monuments of architecture built
in the 19th, early 20th centuries. Among this are
AtamanТs Palace (1863, architect I.O.Valprede), Oblast public offices (1844,
today Military Communication Institute), Don-land Museum (1899, today the
Museum of the Don-land CossacksТ History), Judicial Decision Chamber (1909,
architect A.N.Beketov, today Drama Theatre and Municipal Culture Centre), etc.
аа The Cossacks
were known not only for their martial daring and bravery; they always had a
bent for culture and education. Few Russian principal provincial towns could
boast of such a number and diversity of education establishment as
Novocherkassk at the beginning of the 20th century. PlatovТs Classic
Gymnasium, Mariinskaya Female Gymnasium, Cossack Military School, Theological
and TeachersТ Seminaries, Ataman Technical School, Military Vocational School,
Military Medical School, Music School, parish schools, private educational
establishment and boarding houses. The houses planned to be educational
institutions, were built in accordance with the designs by Moscow and
well-known local architects.
ааа The
architectural design of the Donskoy Polytechnical Institute, a large ensemble,
was carried out by an eminent Polish architect B.S.Roguisky who was among the
authors of the Warsaw Polytechnical Institute complex.
аааа The office
building and the educational buildings of mining, chemical, power faculties of
the Institute form a group around a quadripartite courtyard which also has a
sports complex and an old park in it. As an expressive compositional decorative
means, the architect widely used powerful Dorian and Ionic columns which gave
the whole ensemble a magnificent and monumental look. Noteworthy are the
decorative sculpture insertions made as ZeusТ and MarsТ masks, monumental
relives symbolically reflecting the purpose of the building. Especially
beautiful is the main building of the Institute with its grand staircase,
colonnade and unique four-stored sheltered daylight courtyard and roundabout
galleries. It admits several thousand people during mass events and festivals.
The complex was started in 1912. Architect B.S.Roguisky managed to complete the
erection of only three educational buildings, those of the faculties of
chemistry, mechanics and mining. The rest were finally built between 1924 and
1930.
ааааа For the
most part, Novocherkassk could preserve its historical image. One involuntarily
remembers the words told by historian V.D.Sukhorukov: УThe straight wide
streets and spacious squares make the unique beauty of NovocherkasskФ. Novocherkassk
is a monument in itself. Founded in 1805 as the capital city of the Oblast
Voiska Donskogo, it now, after 200 years that have passed, combines distinctive
history, traditionally high culture and scientific and technological
potentialities.
Yulia Sergeeva
From 10 УcФ
secondary school ╣7
Teacher: L.A. Filimonenko
My Town
аа Novocherkassk is a young city, but it is
rich in sights, monuments ofа history and
culture. There areа 9 republican, 56
regional and 125 local monuments. They involuntarily force us to turn a look in
the old past and estimate it. They are of great value for us andа will be even more valuableа for descendants. In
Made byа
Boldyrev Ilya,
Kobzarev Aleksander
Form 11 B.
Secondary school # 7
Teacher:а L.A. Filimonenko
Our Favorite
Sights.
Novocherkassk
was founded on the 18th of May by the Ataman of the Don Cossacks,
Count M.I.Platov, as a capital city of the Army zone Area. For quite a long
time it remained its cultural and education centre.
The
central part of Novocherkassk contains many historical and cultural monuments.
One of
them is the ancient monument to Yermak (former Cathedral) Square of
Novocherkassk, Holy Third day Cathedral. It was built by member of the Academy
Yaschenko. It is a masterpiece of Russian architecture built in New-Byzantine
style in 1893-1905. The stone foundation of the Cathedral is over
Theаа Cathedral is outstanding in the strict
simplicity of its proportions and the laconism of the art employed. It is
crowned by 6 cupolas. The Cathedral Gallery collection reflects the history of
the Don Cossacks, the life and ideals of its people, their struggle for freedom
and happiness.
In the
centre of the Yermak formerly Cathedral Square there is the bronze statue to a
Russian national hero, the great conquerorа
of Siberia Yermak who according the tradition was a Don Cossack. The
monument was erected with the help of public subscription and unveiled in 1904.
It is a remarkable work by Academician Mikeshin. The monument to Yermak is a
symbol of our town.
Many
visitors and citizens of Novocherkassk like to go to the Don Cossacks
historical museum.
The Don
Cossacks historical museum posses unique displays telling about the modeа of life of the Don Cossacks heroic past and
flourishing part of the Russia.
Place, built
in 1863, the former residence of the Ataman of the Don Cossacks. Now it houses
a picture gallery and part of
Don Cossacks
historical museum.
Our
city is called the city town of students. They study atа Novocherkassk Technical University.
The
name of Technical University inseparably connected with the best glorious pages
of history and development of Novocherkassk. This University founded in 1907
(in Novocherkassk) has had a galaxy of famous teachers such as, Zenin, Levkov,
Lengnik, Mill, Glushkov.
Today
its departments have more than 10.000 undergraduates of 100
nationalities. Young people from all parts of Russia come here to study. The
University campus is a large studentsТ town in itself.
When
entering
In
front of the hotel there is the bust to the Honored Citizen of the town Yuri
Gagarin, the worldТs first cosmonaut. The opening of the bust was honored by
the cosmonautТs wife in 1981 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of
the first manned flights into space.
Inna Betehtina
Form 10 C
secondary school ╣ 7
Teacher
From Past to
Future.
УThe city is
growing
But when
reaclied,аа itТs height
One can see the
wide square and the cathedral!
The way to the
heaven is divided into two parts Ц and there the cupolas will beФ
I live
in
Imagine
what could happen here almost two hundreds years ago. After several attempts to
rebuild Cherkassk Platov decided to move the capital of the Don Cossacks to the
present site. There were a lot of arguments concerning the place for new town
but more serious reasons were taken for consideration and Alexander I accepted
the plan very willingly.Inа the spring of
1805 this wild and opened for winds place called Biryuchi Kut became noisy and
full of people. People from all villages of the Don Region with ataman of the
Don Cossacks regiments at the head and military engineer Frants Pavlovich
Devolan came here. The building of the new town
The
avenues were connected by large squares and turned into the streets. The
Ascension Army Cathedral which is located at the intersection of Yermak and
Platov avenues was decided to be the place united all architectural complexes
The general plan was added by park -УAlexanderТs GardenФ and the grove УRed
SpringФ.
On 18th
may 1805 the triumphal laying of foundation- stone of
200
years have passed from that time. Now it is a very developed and multinational
town. The new industrial zones and the largest plants in our country have
appeared. The young people from all regions come to
Of
course
Olga
Bagramyan
Formа 9th
Secondary
school #5
аааааа Aа Tour Around Novochercassk.
ü
In front of you is the ancient
ааааааааааааааа The Cathedral is outstanding in
the strict simplicity of its proportions and the laconism
ааааааааа of the art employed. It is crowned by
6 cupolas.
аааааааааааааааа The Cathedre Gallery
collections reflects the history of the Don Cossacks, the life andаааааааааааааааааа
аааа ideals of its people, their struggle and
freedom and happiness.
ааааааааааааа The central part of Novochercassk
contains a lot of historical and culturalаааааа
monuments.
ü
In the centre of the Yermak formerly
Cathedral) Square is the bronze statue to aааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааа
аааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааRussian
national the great conqueror of Siberia Yermak who according tradition was a
Don Cossack.
ааа аааааааааааааа аThe monument
was errected with help of publicааа
subscription and unveiled in 1904.It is a remarkable work by Academian
Miceshin.
ааааааааааааа аThis monument to Yermak is a symbole of our
town.
ааааааааааааа аDon CossackТs historical museum posses unique
display tolling about the mode of life of the Don Cossacks from beginning till
now.
ааааааааааааа аTourists come to the Don region from many
parts of the world to acquaint themselves with the Don Cossacks heroic past ANF
to see this flourishing part of the
ааааааааааааа аEvery year 190.000 Russian and foreign
tourists visit the museum.
ü
The Comissarzhevskaya Drama Theatre which was
built in 1909 according to a design by architect Dekotov.
ааа The history of the Russian theatre in the
late in 19 century would be incomplete without mention of the work of Vera
Comissarzhevskaya whose acting corresponded to the mood and passions of froedonloving
youth and to the aspirations detiocrectic stratum of the society.
ааааааааааа а
The Nazis burnt this building when they rest retreated but its original
appearance was subsequently restored.
ааааааааааа а The central part of the Capital of the
Don Cossacks contains many historical and cultural monuments.
I am
sure, that you would like to visit my beautiful town! So, enjoy your visit! I
promise you will not regret!!!
аAlimova Natalia
Form 11 УbФ
Secondary school # 7
Teacher: Filimonenko L.A.
The History of
аOn August, 23, 1804 Emperor
Alexander Iа ratified the decision about
the basis of a new city on the Don which would be called " New Cherkassk
".а
а The basic sight of city of
аа The army officer, army architect
Beltrami and two not front cossacks were engaged in
construction and arrangement of the new capital under the direction of engineer
- captain Efimov. The construction was conducted according to the plan
developed by the engineer lieutenant-general Devolan.
аа Atа the beginning the construction of
аа In 1854а the works on breakdown and planting of
Aleksandrovski, Botanical (Pharmaceutical) and Institute gardens were carried
out. On
ааа In 1881 the regulations about
interim committee on the management of the city of
ааа In the conclusion IТd say that